Tree Conservation Ordinance,
Administrative Standards and
Best Management Practices
Pine Lake Tree Conservation Ordinance
1. Purpose
a. The purpose of this ordinance is to recognize the importance of trees to the environment within the City of Pine Lake for the purposes of health and welfare, beauty, safety, history, and general well-being, and to promote: (1) tree conservation, (2) the increase, renewal, and proliferation of trees and the tree canopy, and (3) the protection of existing trees. This ordinance is designed to provide reasonable minimum standards regarding the preservation, planting, protection and maintenance of trees within the City. The provisions and regulations contained herein, along with the Administrative Standards and Best Management Practices for Pine Lake’s Urban Forest, will guide practices to accomplish said purpose.
b. The City of Pine Lake further recognizes benefits derived from the conservation, proliferation, and renewal of trees and increased canopy including but not limited to:
i. The improvement of air quality by providing filtration of dust and fumes;
ii. The conservation of energy and mitigation of the urban heat island effect through shading and transpiration;
iii. The reduction of storm water runoff and flooding by dissipating rainfall and absorbing moisture;
iv. The reduction of soil erosion and improved water quality;
v. The improvement of habitat for desirable wildlife by providing diversity for food, shelter, and nesting sites;
vi. The reduction of health risks to residents due to improved environmental conditions;
vii. The improvement of community aesthetics and quality of life by having a diverse environment;
viii. The reduction of ambient noise levels;
ix. The mitigation of conditions in areas of vehicular use by providing buffering and shading; and
x. The general enhancement of economic value to properties.
c. The requirement of a high level of quality in the maintenance and development of land is consistent with community standards and the economic necessity of maintaining Pine Lake as a desirable place to live and conduct business.
d. The intent of this ordinance is to preserve and enhance the city’s tree canopy and provide environmental education to the residents of the city.
2. Definitions
Administrative Standards – The Administrative Standards and Best Management Practices for Pine Lake’s Urban Forest prepared in conjunction with this Ordinance and which, as they exist and may be amended from time to time, shall be incorporated herein, and a copy of which shall be maintained in the office of the City Clerk of the City of Pine Lake, Georgia. If any term of the Administrative Standards is deemed to conflict with the terms of this Ordinance, the terms of the Ordinance shall be controlling.
Boundary Tree – A tree 18 inches (dbh) or larger located on a property adjacent to a permitting property whose critical root zone or canopy extends into that permitting property.
Buffer Tree – A tree 18 inches (dbh) or larger located in the minimum required yards/setbacks of any property.
Buildable area – The area of a lot within a given zoning district not to include the minimum required yards/setbacks of any property.
Caliper – The trunk diameter measurement of nursery stock trees measured at 6 inches above the ground up to and including 4 inches caliper size and 12 inches above the ground for larger trees.
Canopy Requirements – The percentage of tree Canopy coverage as set forth in Exhibit “A,” Table 1, Canopy Requirements Table. For the purposes of this ordinance the canopy percentage on any property shall be the square footage of the total existing tree Canopy on a property, divided by the total square footage of the permitting property.
Canopy Tree - A large or medium tree with a crown size and shape that will typically provide at maturity significant shade and beneficial effects on temperature, air quality, water quality, and other environmental conditions. A canopy tree is also referred to as a “shade tree.”
Certified Arborist – an arborist certified by the International Society of Arboriculture as possessing the minimum level of competency required to practice arboriculture.
Critical Root Zone – The minimum rooting volume of a tree necessary to sustain the tree’s life, generally defined by the tree’s drip line or 1.25 feet for every inch (dbh), which ever is greater, to a depth of 3 feet.
Damaged Tree – A tree that has damage to any of its parts, including the roots, root buttress, trunk, or branches.
Destroyed Tree – A tree, which has damage to any of its parts causing, as determined by the Pine Lake Arborist, the tree’s survival beyond three (3) growing seasons to be unlikely.
Diameter at Breast Height (dbh) – The diameter of a tree’s trunk measured at 4.5 feet above the ground. For multi-trunk trees the diameter is measured at the narrowest point beneath the point of attachment of the multiple trunks.
Ecological Compatibility – The suitability and functionality of a given tree species for its growing site based on its potential size, slope, exposure, soil, and drainage preferences; growth and structural characteristics; and use in the landscape.
Hazardous Tree– A tree where the tree is at risk for failure because it is dead or structurally defective, and where that failure could result in personal injury or property damage, as determined by the Director of Administrator or his/her designee.
Land Disturbance Permit – A permit issued by the City of Pine Lake that authorizes the alteration or development of a given tract of land or any land disturbing activity.
Landmark Tree – A: (1) hardwood tree 27 inches (dbh) or larger, (2) pine tree 30 inches (dbh) or larger, provided that it is not located within thirty (30) feet of any structure, or (3) dogwood or redbud tree 10 inches (dbh) or larger being in fair or better condition.
Protected Tree - A tree 18 inches (dbh) or larger, other than a Landmark Tree or Buffer Tree, in fair or better condition.
Site /Tree Conservation Plan (STCP) - A plan as required in Section 6 of this Ordinance.
Pine Lake Arborist / City Arborist – The individual authorized by the Director of Administration to administer and enforce the requirements and standards as set forth in the Pine Lake Tree Conservation Ordinance.
Tree – A self-supporting woody plant material capable of reaching a minimum (dbh) of 6 inches and a height of 15 feet.
Tree Authority Board (TAB) - A board consisting of Pine Lake residents, established by City Council, which presides in conjunction with the city administration to oversee the permitting of tree removal.
Tree Bank – an account within the city budget to receive funds to be used for future tree plantings
Tree Canopy – The square footage of the aggregate of the canopy of all trees contained on a property.
Tree Protection Zone – The area of a lot for a given zoning district defined by the minimum required yards and the critical root zone of any protected tree.
Tree Removal Permit – A permit as required pursuant to this Ordinance issued by the City of Pine Lake for land disturbance or the removal of trees.
Qualified Professional – Any individual possessing a degree in forestry, urban forestry, landscape architecture, or horticulture, having been trained by the City of Pine Lake in the implementation of this ordinance, and tree protection in building construction. The City Arborist shall certify and maintain a list of Qualified Professionals.
3. Tree Removal or Destruction – Tree Removal Permit Required
a. The removal or destruction of any Landmark Tree shall require a Tree Removal Permit pursuant to Section 4(a) of this Ordinance.
b. Any land disturbing activity or construction activity including but not limited to grading, digging, soil disturbance or other activity which could result in damage to root structure in the Critical Root Zone of any Boundary Tree shall require a Tree Removal Permit pursuant to Section 4(b) of this Ordinance.
c. The removal or destruction of any Landmark Tree, Protected Tree or Buffer Tree on residential property devoted to any residential use shall require compliance with Section 5 of this Ordinance.
d. The removal or destruction of: (1) any Protected Tree on property devoted to other than single family or duplex residential use, or (2) any Landmark Tree, Protected Tree or Buffer Tree in conjunction with activity requiring the issuance of a building permit (other than a building permit for a deck or open air patio not to exceed 200 square feet, fence, or interior renovations), demolition permit, land disturbance permit, or erosion and grading permit by the City of Pine Lake, Georgia, shall require a Tree Removal Permit in compliance with Section 6 hereof.
e. All permit requirements as set forth herein shall be deemed cumulative with the most restrictive category being operative regarding any particular application.
f. A Hazardous Tree may be removed without a Tree Removal Permit; provided, however, should the Hazardous Tree have otherwise met the requirements of being a tree protected under the terms of this Ordinance, including but not limited to a Landmark Tree, Buffer Tree, Boundary Tree, or Protected Tree, the owner of the property shall immediately notify the City of Pine Lake of the removal of the tree and provide documentation from a certified arborist that the removed tree was a Hazardous Tree as defined herein. Should it be determined that any tree so removed was not a Hazardous Tree, the provisions of this Ordinance shall be applied regarding the removal of such tree.
g. A tree may be removed without a Tree Removal Permit if it is no greater that 6’ in height, measured from the base of the trunk to the top most point.
h. Nothing in this Ordinance shall prohibit or restrict normal tree maintenance (including the removal of dead wood and branches or limbs which endanger life or property); provided however that no tree protected herein shall be limbed, topped or pruned in a manner so as to deprive the tree of continued viability.
4. Tree Removal Permit - Landmark Tree / Boundary Tree
a. Landmark Trees
i. A Tree Removal Permit allowing the destruction or removal of a Landmark Tree pursuant to this Section shall be permitted only if the City of Pine Lake determines that the removal of said Landmark Tree is warranted based upon: (1) the size and configuration of the property; (2) the physical condition of the Landmark Tree; (3) the Tree Canopy of common areas adjacent to the property; or (4) other factors creating undue hardship for the applicant including but not limited to: pedestrian or vehicle traffic on or adjacent to the property; the configuration of buildings, structures and utilities on or adjacent to the property; cost effectiveness of potential alternatives to tree removal; whether the tree contributes to meeting any of the requirements set forth in this Ordinance or other requirements set forth by the City; or generally recognized good forestry practices.
ii. All Landmark Trees removed pursuant to section (i) above shall be replaced by the planting of a new tree(s) on the property of a comparable species and with a canopy potential of 150% of the canopy of the Landmark Tree to foster the enhancement of the tree canopy. If, however, the City Arborist determines that replacement is not practical based upon the factors set forth in (a)(i) above, payment may be made into the Pine Lake Tree Bank in lieu of replacement planting. The compensation for the lost Tree Canopy shall be calculated on a square foot lost/replaced basis as set forth on Exhibit “A,” Table 2, Canopy and Cost Assignment.
iii. A Tree Removal Permit shall not be issued until both: (1) payment of any required amounts have been received by the Pine Lake Tree Bank, and (2) the City has been provided adequate assurances of any required canopy replacement, as reflected in the approved site plan.
b. Boundary Trees
i. No land disturbing activity or construction activity including but not limited to grading, digging, soil disturbance or other activity resulting in damage to root structure in the Critical Root Zone of any Boundary Tree shall be permitted should the City Arborist determine that the activity will deprive the Boundary Tree of continued viability.
ii. Should the City Arborist determine that it is uncertain whether the proposed land disturbance or construction activity will deprive the Boundary Tree of continued viability, and that there is not a sufficient basis to prohibit the activity under section (b)(i), a Tree Removal Permit allowing the activity shall be issued only after compliance with Section 7 of this Ordinance.
iii. Should the City Arborist determine that the proposed land disturbance or construction activity will not deprive the Boundary Tree of continued viability; a Tree Removal Permit shall be issued.
5. Tree Removal Permit – Residential Use
A Tree Removal Permit pursuant to this Section shall be issued only upon compliance with the following:
a. Required Documentation
In conjunction with an application pursuant to this section, the applicant shall submit to the Director of Administration documentation (i.e. photographs, drawings, or similar documentation deemed acceptable by the Director of Administration) showing the location of all existing Trees on the property. Such documentation shall show the location, species, and approximate caliper size of all existing trees noting with specificity the Landmark Trees, Protected Trees and Buffer Trees which are proposed to be removed pursuant to this Section.
b. Landmark Trees
The removal of Landmark Trees pursuant to the Section shall be in accordance with Section 4(a)(i-ii) above.
c. Protected Trees
If: (1) the applicant has submitted the documentation required by Section 5(a) to the City of Pine Lake not less than fourteen (14) business days prior to the proposed removal of Protected Trees, and (2) the removal or destruction of the Protected Trees, in conjunction with all tree removal being conducted, will not cause the Tree Canopy on the property to fall below the Canopy Requirements, a Tree Removal Permit may be issued upon review of submitted documentation.
ii. For the removal or destruction of Protected Trees on property not meeting the Canopy Requirements, or property on which the removal or destruction of the Protected Tree, in conjunction with all tree removal being conducted, will cause the Tree Canopy to fall below the Canopy Requirements, the applicant shall, at his election, provide for mitigation of all lost Tree Canopy below the Canopy Requirements by: (A) replacing the lost Tree Canopy through planting tree(s) on the property of comparable species and canopy potential, or (B) payment into the Pine Lake Tree Bank for the lost Tree Canopy. The compensation for the lost Tree Canopy shall be calculated on a square foot lost/replaced basis as set forth on Exhibit “A,” Table 2, Canopy and Cost Assignment.
d. Buffer Trees
i. The removal or destruction of Buffer Trees shall be permitted only if the City Arborist determines that the removal of said Buffer Tree is warranted based upon: (1) the size and configuration of the property; (2) the physical condition of the Buffer Tree; (3) the Tree Canopy of common areas adjacent to the property; or (4) other factors creating undue hardship for the applicant including but not limited to: pedestrian or vehicle traffic on or adjacent to the property; the configuration of buildings, structures and utilities on or adjacent to the property; cost effectiveness of potential alternatives to tree removal; whether the tree contributes to meeting any of the requirements set forth in this Ordinance or other requirements set forth by the City; or generally recognized good forestry practices.
ii. For removal or destruction of Buffer Trees approved pursuant to (d)(i) above, which removal or destruction, in conjunction with all tree removal being conducted, will not cause the Tree Canopy to fall below the Canopy Requirements, a Tree Removal Permit shall be issued.
iii. For removal or destruction of Buffer Trees approved pursuant to (d)(i) above, on property not meeting the Canopy Requirements, or property on which the removal or destruction of the Buffer Tree, in conjunction with all tree removal being conducted, will cause the Tree Canopy to fall below the Canopy Requirements, the applicant shall, at its election, provide for mitigation of all lost Tree Canopy below the Canopy Requirements by: (A) replacing the lost Tree Canopy through planting tree(s) on the property of comparable species and canopy potential, or (B) payment into the Pine Lake Tree Bank for the lost Tree Canopy. The compensation for the lost Tree Canopy shall be calculated on a square foot lost/replaced basis as set forth on Exhibit “A,” Table 2, Canopy and Cost Assignment.
e. Payment / Assurances Required
i. A Tree Removal Permit shall not be issued hereunder until both: (1) payment of any required amounts have been received by the Pine Lake Tree Bank, and (2) the City has been provided adequate assurances of any required canopy replacement.
6. Tree Removal Permit – Site/Tree Conservation Plan Required
A Tree Removal Permit pursuant to this Section shall only be issued upon compliance with the following:
a. Site/Tree Conservation Plan Required
i. In conjunction with an application pursuant to this section, the applicant shall submit a Site/Tree Conservation Plan (STCP) prepared by a Qualified Professional for review by the City of Pine Lake. The approval of the STCP by the City of Pine Lake shall be required prior to the issuance of a Tree Removal Permit pursuant to this section.
ii. The STCP shall document: the species, (dbh), critical root zone and location of all existing Trees and Critical Root Zones on the property; the location, species, and caliper size of all proposed mitigation planting trees; and the location of all proposed building construction and land development activities, including grading, drainage, proposed utility locations and all proposed tree protection measures.
iii. The STCP shall document all Trees proposed for removal.
iv. The STCP shall document the calculation of the Tree Canopy on the property prior to and following the implementation of the tree removal/replacement activity as set forth in the STCP.
v. The STCP shall document standard details for tree protection and tree planting in compliance with the Administrative Standards.
vi. The STCP shall document compliance with the parking and landscape requirements in compliance with the Administrative Standards.
vii. The STCP shall document all trees planted to bring the tree canopy to a minimum 30% canopy coverage threshold.
b. Landmark Trees
i. The destruction or removal of Landmark Trees pursuant to this Section shall be permitted only if said Landmark Tree is: (1) located within the building footprint of the proposed construction as permitted by the City of Pine Lake, or (2) outside of the permitted building footprint, and the City of Pine Lake determines that the permitted land disturbance or construction activity will require the removal of said Landmark Tree based on Section 8 below.
ii. All Landmark Trees removed pursuant to section (i) above shall be replaced by the planting of a new tree(s) on the property of a comparable species and with a canopy potential of 150% of the canopy of the Landmark Tree to foster the enhancement of the tree canopy. If, however, the City determines that replacement is not practical based upon: (1) the size and configuration of the property; (2) the Tree Canopy of common areas adjacent to the property; or (3) other factors creating undue hardship for the applicant including but not limited to: pedestrian or vehicle traffic on and adjacent to the property; the configuration of buildings, structures and utilities on or adjacent to the property; cost effectiveness of potential replacement; whether the tree contributes to meeting any of the requirements set forth in this Ordinance or other requirements set forth by the City; or generally recognized good forestry practices, payment may be made into the Pine Lake Tree Bank in lieu of replacement planting. The compensation for the lost Tree Canopy shall be calculated on a square foot lost/replaced basis as set forth on Exhibit “A,” Table 2, Canopy and Cost Assignment.
c. Boundary Trees
i. The STCP shall document the protection of Boundary Trees in accordance with Section 4(b) of this Ordinance.
d. Protected Trees
i. The removal or destruction of Protected Trees, where said removal or destruction in conjunction with all proposed removal or destruction as set forth in the STCP will not cause the Tree Canopy to fall below the Canopy Requirements, shall be permitted.
ii. The removal or destruction of Protected Trees on property not meeting the Canopy Requirements, or property on which all proposed removal or destruction of as set forth in the STCP will cause the Tree Canopy to fall below the Canopy Requirements, shall be permitted only if said Protected Tree is: (1) located within the building footprint of the proposed construction as permitted by the City of Pine Lake, or (2) outside of the permitted building footprint, and the City of Pine Lake determines that the permitted land disturbance or construction activity will require the removal of said Protected Tree based on Section 8 below.
iii. All trees removed pursuant to section (ii) above shall be replaced by the planting of a new tree(s) on the property of a comparable species and canopy potential. If, however, the City Arborist determines that replacement is not practical based upon: (1) the size and configuration of the property; (2) the Tree Canopy of common areas adjacent to the property; or (3) other factors creating undue hardship for the applicant including but not limited to: pedestrian or vehicle traffic adjacent to the property; the configuration of buildings, structures and utilities on or adjacent to the property; cost effectiveness of potential replacement; whether the tree contributes to meeting any of the requirements set forth in this Ordinance or other requirements set forth by the City; or generally recognized good forestry practices, payment may be made into the Pine Lake Tree Bank in lieu of replacement planting. The compensation for the lost Tree Canopy below the Canopy Requirements shall be calculated on a square foot lost/replaced basis as set forth on Exhibit “A,” Table 2, Canopy and Cost Assignment.
e. Buffer Trees
i. The removal or destruction of Buffer Trees shall be permitted only if the City Arborist determines that the removal of said Buffer Tree is warranted based upon: (1) the size and configuration of the property; (2) the condition of the Buffer Tree; (3) the Tree Canopy of common areas adjacent to the property; or (4) other factors creating undue hardship for the applicant including but not limited to: pedestrian or vehicle traffic adjacent to the property; the configuration of buildings, structures and utilities on or adjacent to the property; cost effectiveness of potential alternatives to tree removal; whether the tree contributes to meeting any of the requirements set forth in this Ordinance or other requirements set forth by the City; or generally recognized good forestry practices.
ii. For removal or destruction of Buffer Trees approved pursuant to (e)(i) above, which removal or destruction, in conjunction with all tree removal set forth in the STCP, will not cause the Tree Canopy to fall below the Canopy Requirements, a Tree Removal Permit shall be issued.
iii. For removal or destruction of Buffer Trees approved pursuant to (e)(i) above, on property not meeting the Canopy Requirements, or property on which the removal or destruction of the Buffer Tree, in conjunction with all tree removal set forth in the STCP, will cause the Tree Canopy to fall below the Canopy Requirements, all Buffer Trees shall be replaced by the planting of a new tree(s) within the minimum required yards/setback of the property of a comparable species and canopy potential. If, however, the City of Pine Lake determines that replacement is not practical based upon the factors set forth in section (e)(i) above, payment may be made into the Pine Lake Tree Bank in lieu of replacement planting. The compensation for the lost Tree Canopy below the Canopy Requirements shall be calculated on a square foot lost/replaced basis as set forth on Exhibit “A,” Table 2, Canopy and Cost Assignment.
f. Payment / Assurances Required
i. A Tree Removal Permit / STCP Approval shall not be issued hereunder until both: (1) payment of any required amounts have been received by the Pine Lake Tree Bank, and (2) the City has been provided adequate assurances of any required canopy replacement.
g. Permit Fee Incentive
i. Any applicant required to submit and receive an approved STCP pursuant to this Section 6, who shall present a plan which increases the existing Tree Canopy on the property, beyond the requirements by this Ordinance, may receive a credit against the Permit Fees required to be paid for the project defined in the STCP in an amount equal to 1/3 of the value of the increased Tree Canopy as calculated on a square foot lost/replaced basis as set forth on Exhibit “A,” Table 2, Canopy and Cost Assignment. Such reduction of fees, however, shall not exceed 50% of the amount of the Permit Fees required for the project as defined in the STCP.
h. Field Verification
i. The Qualified Professional submitting the STCP shall field verify the accuracy of the STCP prior to submittal.
ii. A Qualified Professional shall certify successful compliance with the terms of the approved STCP to the City prior to issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy for the permitted property.
iii. The Pine Lake Arborist shall validate submitted STCPs for field accuracy, and compliance as he or she deems appropriate.
iv. In addition to all other provisions of this Ordinance, and where allowed by law, submission of an inaccurate STCP or inaccurate certification of compliance with a STCP shall cause the submitting Qualified Professional to be removed from the approved list maintained by the City Arborist for a period of not less than ninety (90) days.
7. Boundary Tree Protection
a. Prior to the issuance of a Tree Removal Permit pursuant to this Section, funds shall be deposited into an account established by the City in an amount determined by the City Arborist to be sufficient to offset the removal and replacement costs of the Boundary Tree. Notice shall be provided to the property owner whose property contains the Boundary Tree which notice shall include notice of the deposited funds and a copy of the Boundary Tree provisions of this Ordinance.
b. In establishing the escrow amount required pursuant to Section (a) above, the proposed replacement tree upon which payment shall be computed shall be a comparable species and size potential to the Boundary Tree, shall be ecologically compatible with the intended growing site, and at maturity shall fully mitigate the loss of the entire canopy area of the Boundary Tree.
c. For the purposes of the Ordinance, credit will be granted to applicants for the entire Tree Canopy of a Boundary Tree protected hereunder.
d. At any time prior to a determination authorizing the return of the escrow funds to the applicant pursuant to Section (e) below, if the property owner whose property contains the Boundary Tree (“Petitioner”) contends that the permitted activity has caused the Boundary Tree to fail to survive or be in a state of irreversible decline, the Petitioner may petition the City Arborist for the payment of the escrow funds to be utilized for the removal and replacement of the Boundary Tree. Upon receipt of such petition, notice of the petition shall be provided to the applicant hereunder at the address provided at the time of the Tree Removal Permit application, or at any alternative address subsequently designated by the applicant to the City Arborist in writing, via first class and certified mail. Within thirty (30) days of mailing of the notice, the City Arborist shall make a determination as to whether the Boundary Tree has failed to survive or is in a state of irreversible decline due to the permitted activity. Notice of the decision shall be provided to the Petitioner and the applicant by certified and first class mail as set forth above. Either party may appeal the City Arborist’s determination pursuant to Section 13 of this Ordinance. Should the City Arborist determine that the Boundary Tree failed to survive or is in a state of irreversible decline due to the permitted activity, and no appeal has been timely filed, or the applicant has fully exhausted his or her appellate rights, the escrow funds shall be paid to the Petitioner to offset any costs incurred in removal and replacement of the Boundary Tree. The Petitioner’s rights pursuant to this section may not be exercised more than one (1) time in any eighteen (18) month period.
e. After five (5) years from the date of the payment of the escrow funds, unless otherwise disbursed pursuant to section (d) above, the applicant shall have the right to petition the City Arborist for the return of all escrow funds held for the Boundary Tree. Notice of the applicant’s petition shall be provided to the property owner whose property contains the Boundary Tree by first class and certified mail at the address of the property containing the Boundary Tree, and at the address set forth in the tax digest regarding the property. Within thirty (30) days of mailing of the notice, the City Arborist shall make a determination as to whether the Boundary Tree has failed to survive or is in a state of irreversible decline due to the permitted activity. Notice of the decision shall be provided to the applicant and the property owner by certified and first class mail as set forth above. Either party may appeal the City Arborist’s determination pursuant to Section 13 of this Ordinance. Should the City Arborist determine that the Boundary Tree has not failed to survive or is not in a state of irreversible decline due to the permitted activity, and no appeal has been timely filed, or the property owner has fully exhausted his or her appellate rights, the escrow funds shall be paid to the applicant.
f. Any funds not collected by either an affected property owner or the applicant within a period of five (5) years and six (6) months of the establishment of the escrow fund shall be deposited in the Pine Lake Tree Bank.
g. No party shall be entitled to receive interest on any escrow funds required pursuant to this provision.
8. Tree Removal and Replacement in Conjunction with Tree Removal Permit
a. The removal or destruction of any tree where approval is required shall only be approved by the City of Pine Lake, if the following conditions are met:
i. Unavoidable site modifications resulting from grading, utility work, and construction activities will result in destruction or irreparable damage to the tree; and
ii. Site plan modifications to prevent destruction or irreparable damage to the tree are impossible or unduly burdensome on the applicant.
- Potentially Damaged Trees – Escrow of Funds
a. Where the City Arborist determines that due to approved construction or land disturbance activity an applicant may remove a Tree, and the applicant is required to pay for the lost Tree Canopy of the removed Tree, the applicant may at its election propose alternative construction methods to attempt to preserve the continued viability of the Tree. Should the City Arborist determine that the proposed alternative construction methods shall reasonably result in the survival of the Tree, that portion of the funds required to pay for the lost Tree Canopy shall be paid into an escrow fund maintained by the City.
b. After five (5) years from the date of the payment of the escrow funds, the applicant shall have the right to petition the City Arborist for the return of all escrow funds held for the protection of the Tree. Within thirty (30) days of the petition, the City Arborist shall make a determination as to whether the Tree has failed to survive or is in a state of irreversible decline due to the permitted activity. Should the City Arborist determine that the Tree has not failed to survive or is not in a state of irreversible decline, the funds shall be paid to the applicant. Should the City Arborist determine that the Tree has failed to survive or is in a state of irreversible decline, the funds shall be paid into the Pine Lake Tree Bank.
c. Any funds not collected within a period of five (5) years and six (6) months of the establishment of the escrow fund shall be deposited in the Pine Lake Tree Bank and be utilized for the purposes as authorized hereunder.
d. No party shall be entitled to receive interest on any escrow funds required pursuant to this provision.
10. Establishment of the Pine Lake Tree Bank
a. There is hereby established a Pine Lake Tree Bank for the maintenance and disbursement of funds required to be paid pursuant to the terms of this ordinance.
b. Where it is determined by the City of Pine Lake that payment into the Pine Lake Tree Bank shall be required, the required funds shall be paid to the Pine Lake Tree Bank prior to issuance of any related permit.
c. Funds maintained in the Pine Lake Tree Bank shall be administered by the Director of Administration pursuant to the rules and regulations regarding said funds as established by the Mayor and Council for the purposes of community ecological education and increasing and maintaining tree canopy in public spaces in the City of Pine Lake.
11. Enforcement
a. The Director of Administration or his or her designated agents shall enforce of Community to the terms of this ordinance.
b. No Certificate of Occupancy shall be issued on any property without compliance with the terms of this Ordinance.
c. Examples of violations shall include, but not be limited to:
i. Land disturbance or building construction without a permit.
ii. Improperly installed or maintained tree protection.
iii. The removal of applicable trees prior to the issuance of a permit.
iv. Non-approved encroachment of tree protection zones.
v. Other violations of the terms, provisions and standard of this ordinance established herein.
d. Notices of violations, the issuance of stop work orders and citations shall be in accordance with the Code and Ordinances of Pine Lake, Georgia.
e. Where it is deemed necessary, the Director of Administration shall require sureties to assure compliance to the terms, conditions and standards of this ordinance.
12. Fines and Penalties
a. Any person, firm, corporations or other entity violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be liable for a fine. Each calendar day a violation exists shall be considered a separate offense. There are no maximum limitations to the accrual of fines. Each offense shall further be subject to a maximum of six (6) months imprisonment.
b. Each owner of any property wherein a violation exists shall be jointly and severally responsible for said violation.
c. Removal of a Tree protected under the terms of this Ordinance without compliance with the terms hereof shall result in an assessment for the replacement of the lost canopy in the amount of three (3) times the value of the lost Tree Canopy calculated in accordance with Exhibit “A,” Table 2, Canopy and Cost Assignment, being assessed against the person causing the removal of the tree.
d. The jurisdiction for any violations hereunder shall be in the Municipal Court of Pine Lake, Georgia.
13. Appeals
a. Any applicant under this Ordinance aggrieved by an action of the City Arborist, or any adjacent property owner directly impacted by a decision, may appeal and be heard by the Pine Lake Tree Authority Board in accordance with the rules and regulations as set forth by the Code of Pine Lake, and said Board.
b. All appeals, pursuant to this section, must be filed in writing with the City of Pine Lake within thirty (30) days from the date of the decision or action from which the aggrieved party appeals. All appeals must be filed on forms, which can be obtained at the City of Pine Lake.
c. Appeals shall only be granted for errors of interpretation, application, or where the unique natural features of the site are such that it is impractical or impossible to apply the terms, conditions or standards of these regulations resulting in an undue hardship to the property owner.
d. Any person aggrieved by an action of the Pine Lake Tree Authority Board as it relates to this Ordinance may appeal within 30 days to the Superior Court of DeKalb County Georgia by writ of certiorari.
14. Effective Date:
This Ordinance shall become effective upon adoption by the Mayor and Council.
EXHIBIT “A”
Table 1. Canopy Requirements Per Land Use
|
Land Use
|
Canopy Requirement (% of total lot area or subdivision area)
|
|
Residential
|
30
|
|
Non Residential Other
|
40
|
Table 2. Canopy and Cost Assignment
|
Tree Size
|
Canopy (sq.ft)
|
Canopy Credits
|
Dimensions
(approx.)
|
Cost @
$375/credit
|
Trees per acre @ 50% Canopy
|
Minimum size at planting
|
|
Small
|
250
|
1
|
16 X 16
|
$375.00
|
87
|
1.5”
|
|
Medium
|
500
|
2
|
22.5 X 22.5
|
$750.00
|
43.6
|
2 to 2.5”
|
|
Large
|
1000
|
4
|
31.5 X 31.5
|
$1500.00
|
21.7
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2 to 2.5”
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Administrative Standards
Procedures
A. Canopy Cover Requirements
1. Canopy requirements shall be established for the protection of existing trees or the planting of new trees.
2. Canopy can be determined by actual measurement or by general assignment.
a. Actual measurement is the measured square footage of the canopy of a tree or contiguous stand of trees.
b. General assignment attributes square footage base on the potential canopy size of a species (small, medium, or large) as indicated in the Table 2 of the Ordinance, Canopy and Cost Assignment. The size potential of species is indicated in the Recommended Species List (Appendix 2a and 2b).
3. Trees planted to meet canopy cover standards of the must be maintained for a minimum of three (3) full growing seasons.
B. Calculating Canopy Credits
1. Canopy deficit is calculated by subtracting the provided canopy (protected and planted trees) from the required canopy, rounded up to the nearest 250 square foot increment.
2. Each 250 square foot increment of deficit shall constitute one (1) canopy credit.
3. Canopy credits shall be assessed at a cost of $375.00 per credit.
4. This cost assignment is based on average wholesale cost for trees at various sizes that would provide comparable canopy, plus shipping, labor, installation, three years maintenance, and ecosystem service value.
C. State Water Buffers
The Pine Lake Stream Buffer Ordinance adopted November 2005 requires a undisturbed natural vegetative buffer be maintained for 50 feet, measured horizontally, on both banks (as applicable) of the stream as measured from the top of the stream bank. An additional setback shall be maintained for 25 feet, measured horizontally, beyond the undisturbed natural vegetative buffer, in which all impervious cover shall be prohibited. Grading, filling and earthmoving shall be minimized within the setback.
Best Management Practices
Tree Conservation and Protection
A. Planning
1. Establish a budget and plan for tree conservation and protection.
2. Employ the services of qualified professionals such as registered foresters, certified arborist or professional urban foresters, to assist in the planning, implementation and follow up, including maintenance.
3. Evaluate the conservation potential of all trees on site based on their species, health, structural condition, and location in relation to site modifications and proposed structures and utilities.
4. Diagram the approximate location of the trees’ critical root zones, based on 1.25 feet of radius for every inch (dbh), or based on professional judgment.
5. Evaluate trees on adjacent properties for a full range of potential impacts, and negotiate mitigating actions with the adjacent property owners.
6. Either modify the site plans or plan to remove trees that cannot be protected. Generally, trees that suffer 25% root loss are destroyed. Variables include the nature of disturbance, the potential to mitigate damage, the species of tree, its condition, and vigor.
7. The protection of clumps or groupings of trees is more effective than individual trees.
8. Plan for how the full range of site activities could potentially impact the trees. Identify staging areas for parking, material storage, construction debris, and concrete washout.
9. Identify way to insure sub-contractor understanding and compliance with the STCPs
B. Implementation
1. Conduct pre-construction tree maintenance, including the application of mulch (4” to 6 “) within the critical root zone, fertilization, and pruning remove structural defects, deadwood, or to improve clearance for equipment and structures. Educate all workers on site about tree protection techniques and requirements.
2. Establish a tree protection zone equal to the trees’ critical root zone, or as a minimum along the limits of disturbance.
3. Install Protective barriers prior to any land disturbance.
4. Acceptable Tree Fencing includes the following (See Figure 1)
a. A minimum 4 feet high barrier, constructed in a post and rail configuration. A 2 inch x 4 inch post and a double 1 inch x 4 inch rail are recommended.
b. Four foot orange polyethylene laminar safety fencing.
c. Any deviation from the two acceptable tree fencing methods listed above must be authorized by the City of Pine Lake
d. All tree protection fences must be accompanied by "Tree Save Area Stay Out" signage.
5. Construction offices, vehicular parking, worker break sites, and material storage and debris area are to be place outside of the tree protection zones.
6. Underground and overhead utility lines that would require trenching or severe pruning of protected trees should be re-routed. Tunneling or boring can be used to install underground utilities within a tree protection zone. Boring should be at least 24 inches beneath the surface. (See Figure 2).
7. Where tree roots must be cut, make only sharp, clean cuts to promote root regeneration.
8. When clearing and grading is planned in close proximity to a tree protection zone, the limit of disturbance should be defined by a clean trench cut to a depth of 36 inches, to prevent the shredding and tearing of protected roots.
9. Grade change in the Critical Root Zones of trees will destroy roots. Retaining walls should be used to minimize the impact grade changes near or within the Critical Root Zones of Protected Trees. (See figure 3).
10. Monitor compliance with tree protection requirements and tree health regularly during construction.
C. Follow-up Maintenance
1. Complete post-construction tree maintenance, including pruning, mulching, fertilization, irrigation, and soil aeration where necessary.
2. Apply at least 1 inch of water per week by deep watering in the absence of adequate rainfall.
3. Fertilize trees with phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and other macro- and micro-nutrients as indicated by a soil test, but wait at least one year to apply any nitrogen. Fertilize lightly with nitrogen after 1 year.
4. Inspect trees annually for at least 3 and up to 5 years after construction to look for changes in condition and signs of insects or disease, and to determine maintenance needs.
Figure 1. Tree Protection Fencing
Figure 2. Tunneling for Underground Utilities
Figure 3. Correct Methods for Grade Changes
Tree and Landscape Material Selection and Establishment
A. Standards for Selecting Quality Landscape Materials
- Trees selected for planting must meet the minimum requirements as provided in Tables 3 through 5. provided below
- Trees and landscape plant material must be free from injury, pests, disease, or nutritional disorders, and be of good vigor.
- The following criteria are generally used for the determination of vigor:
- Foliage should have a green or dark green color.
- Vigorous trees will have large leaves and dense foliage when compared to trees with poor vigor.
- Shoot growth for most vigorous trees will be at least 1 foot per year.
- At least ½ of the branches should arise from points on the lower 2/3 of a trunk.
- Smooth or shiny bark on the trunk and branches of a young tree usually signifies good vigor, conversely, rough and dull bark could indicate poor vigor.
- Trunk taper: the trunks of vigorous trees will generally have an increase in diameter with a decrease in height. Trees with reverse tapers or no taper should be avoided.
- Root color: young roots of most trees will be light in color.
- Trees selected for planting must be free of root defects. Two types of root defects generally occur:
- Kinked roots, in which taproots, major branch roots, or both are bent more than 90 degrees with less than 20 percent of the root system originating above the kink. A tree with such roots will probably bend at the soil line when released from a supporting stake.
- Circling or girdling roots which circle 80 percent or more of the root system by 360 degrees or more. A tree with such roots would ultimately have less than 20 percent of its system available for support.
Table 3. Caliper To Height Ratios For Deciduous Trees
Table 4. Containerized Plant Material Size To Height Ratios 
Table 5. Minimum Root Spread and Root Ball Diameters for Deciduous Trees
B. Planting Standards
1. Employment of proper planting techniques will be more favorable for tree establishment and will reduce attrition.
2. Transplanting procedures shall follow standards established by the International Society of Arboriculture in the “Trees and Shrub Transplanting Manual.” The following is a summary of several key practices.
a. Pre-Planting Considerations:
i. Only healthy trees with a well developed root system and a well formed top, characteristic of the species, should be planted. Standards for selecting quality stock are provided in Section C.
ii. Trees selected for planting must be compatible with the specific site conditions. A site specific tree list is provided in Appendix 2.
iii. Make certain there is adequate soil volume for the tree and the potential size of the tree is appropriate for the site, including potential conflicts with sight distance, traffic and pedestrian clearance, and overhead utilities. (Utilities Protection Center 1-800-282-7411).
iv. Check for underground utilities prior to digging.
v. Deciduous and evergreen trees should be planted between the end of October and mid February.
vi. Trees planted outside of this time period will NOT be accepted by Pine Lake unless funds are placed in escrow to guarantee their survival. Funds may be placed in escrow in lieu of planting pending a suitable planting season. (See Landscaping Standards)
b. Planting procedures
i. Planting holes should be no less than 1 foot wider than the root ball or bare roots of the tree being planted. A planting hole 3 to 5 times the width of the root ball is recommended. Figure 5 is the Tree Planting Standard Detail
ii. Trees should not be planted deeper than they were in their former location or container.
iii. Spade compacted bottom and sides of the planting hole should be roughed or scarified to allow the penetration of developing roots.
iv. Root barriers must be used according to CSI specifications where planting occurs adjacent to sidewalk and other hardscape surfaces, to encourage deeper rooting and to minimize root conflicts.
v. Good water drainage from the bottom of the planting hole is essential for root establishment.
vi. The application of soil amendments or fertilizer at the time of planting is not recommended.
Figure 5. Tree Planting Standard Detail
C. Tree Maintenance*
1. Tree Pruning
a. Only experience professionals should prune trees. Arborists certified by the International Society of Arboriculture have tested to insure a minimum level of arboricultural competency and maintain their certification with continuing education. Arborist should follow ANSI A-300 Standards for Tree Care Operations.
b. The objectives for tree pruning should be established prior to commencement of pruning activity.
c. Tree should never be “topped”. Topping a tree permanently damages a tree’s structure, destroys its value, damages its health, and decreased the tree’s safety.
d. Climbing spikes should never be used to prune a tree.
e. Always prune branches back to parent branches or branches at least 1/3 the diameter of the branch being pruned.
f. No more than 1/4 of the foliage of a mature tree should be removed in any one growing season.
g. Make proper pruning cuts, using the three cut method (See Figure 6). Avoid stub cuts, flush cuts and wounds o the remaining limbs and trunk.
h. Pruning cuts should be made just on the outside of the branch collar (see Figure 6).
i. At the time of planting prune only dead, damaged, broken crossing, or rubbing branches.
j. Do not remove more that 1/3 of the foliage from a young tree during any one growing season.
2. Tree Mulch
a. Tree mulching is very beneficial to trees because it help retain soil moisture, moderates soil temperature, suppresses weed growth, reduces soil compaction, and reduces the potential for mower and string trimmer damage to trees.
b. Use organic materials such as pine straw, leaves aged wood chips and compost. Avoid grass clippings, plastic, and rocks.
c. Use the tree’s own fallen leaves for mulch
d. Spread mulch in an even layer, 3-4 feet deep. Avoid mounding the mulch around the tree’s trunk.
e. Keep mulch at lease 5 inches from the tree’s trunk.
f. For newly established trees, mulch and area at least 6 feet in diameter.
g. For older established trees mulch out as far as practical, mulching to the drip line is most desirable.
* Parts adapted from the Athens-Clark County Best Management Practices
Figure 6. Three Cut Pruning Method 
Figure 7. Mulching
3. Soil Environment
a. Maintaining healthy soils reduces tree stress and improves tree the survival, growth, and longevity; improves root structure, and reduces the potential for tree failure.
b. Adequate soil volume should be maintained throughout the life time of tree. In a normal surface planting environment with average soil depths greater than or equal to 3 feet, soil volume calculations can be based on surface areas as follows:
Small tree = 25 square feet.
Medium tree = 150 square feet.
Large tree = 300 square feet.
c. Soil organic matter content should be maintained at about 5 percent.
d. mulching trees will increase soil nutrient levels, organic matter content and improve soil structure.
e. Root barriers should be used to redirect root growth away from sidewalks, curbs and driveways.
f. Avoid soil compaction within the critical root zone of trees. Soil compaction results in a increase in soil bulk density, reduces soil pore space, decreases soil oxygen, and limits the availability of water
g. Parking, driving, and the temporary storage of construction material within a tree’s critical root zone will result in soil compaction.
4. Fertilization
a. Trees that are in a urban growing environment with limited natural nutrient cycling should be fertilized on a regular (every 3 to 5 years) basis.
b. If trees are exhibiting symptoms of nutrient deficiency, soils should be tested prior to fertilization, and the fertilizer formulation should be adjusted to address the specific deficiency.
c. Newly planted, drought stressed or severely damaged or injured trees should not be fertilized
d. Fertilizer should be applied when rots are actively growing. The best times are late winter, early spring through early summer.
e. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) in a ration of 3:1:1 is most desirable.
f. Slow release nitrogen should be applied at a rate of 2 to 4 pounds (of elemental nitrogen) per 1000 square feet of rooting area.
g. Fertilizer should be applied within the entire root zone of trees. Sub-surface applications to a depth of 4 to 12 inches are ideal.
h. The use of trunk fertilizer injections or implants is not recommended.
5. Irrigation
a. Adequate soil moisture levels result in better tree growth, reduced stress, and reduced susceptibility to insect or disease problems.
b. Excessive soil moisture can result in anaerobic conditions, nutrient deficiencies, and tree decline.
c. Tree species should be matched to anticipated soil conditions.
d. Mulching trees helps conserve water.
e. In the absence of adequate rainfall trees should be irrigated at the rate of 1 inch of water every 5 to 7 days. Refer to table 6 for approximate water application times.
f. Water should be applied evenly throughout the outer 75% of a tree’s critical root zone. Runoff should be avoided
Appendix 1.
Pine Lake Tree Conservation Ordinance
Site/Tree Conservation Plan Checklist
Location, size and species of all trees.
Location of any “waters of the state” and associated buffers
Illustrated critical root zone (1.25 feet/inch (dbh) or professional discretion.
Indication of trees proposed for protection/removal
Indication of Landmark Trees
Pine Lake Arborist determines the of survivability of Landmark Tree
Landmark replacement of comparable species and size
Canopy mitigation
Indication of Boundary Trees
Funds placed in escrow for removal and replacement costs
Location of trees proposed for planting.
Species, and caliper size of proposed trees
Documentation of minimum soil volume for proposed trees
Tree planting and staking details
Location of proposed demolition, site development, and building construction.
Proposed grade changes
Proposed drainage structures
Proposed utilities and utility structures
Required undisturbed buffers
Location of tree protection fencing
Tree protection and tree planting standard details
Arborist Note included on plan:
Contact the City of Pine Lake at 404-292-4250 to arrange a pre-construction meeting with the site inspector prior to the commencement of any construction or land disturbing activities.
Canopy calculations
Total canopy required
Protected canopy (measured)
Replacement canopy (attributed by species)
Pine Lake Tree bank contribution
Appendix 2a.
Pine Lake Tree Species List* Key to Symbols and Characteristics
The Pine Lake Tree Species List is intended to support, site planning and design activities for tree conservation and establishment, and tree maintenance planning and decision-making. In the list trees are arranged alphabetically by the tree’s common name with the “genus” listed first. For example, red maple is listed as “Maple, Red” (maple is the genus name). The Latin name is also listed for more definitive species identification. In some cases, the commonly planted variety or cultivar of the species has also been included apart from the species.
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TREE CHARACTERISTIC
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DESCRIPTION and ENTRY CHOICES
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Species Common Name
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Entered with genus common name first, then species, then cultivar if applicable. For some species an alternate common name is included in parentheses.
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Latin Name
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Genus, species, and variety or cultivar; always italicized or underlined.
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RECOMMENDED USES
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Level of Use
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The level of use that the tree should receive.
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P = Plant New Trees and Conserve Existing Trees
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C = Conserve Existing Trees
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L = For Limited Planting or Conservation Only
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N = Do Not Plant
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Large Landscape Areas
Road Frontages – Street
Road Frontages – Yard
Parking Lots
Plazas and Downtown Settings
Riparian Zones and Drainage Areas
Utility Corridors
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Recommendations on the site situation where the tree may be planted and/or conserved; locations where the tree would adapt well.
O = tree to avoid; not suitable
Blank = may or may not be suitable
x = good choice
XX = excellent choice
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*Adapted from the Athens Clark County Tree Ordinance
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TREE CHARACTERISTIC
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DESCRIPTION and ENTRY CHOICES
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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
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Height Class in Urban Conditions
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Height class (ground to tip of leader or tallest branch) of a mature tree commonly achieved in urban situations with less than optimal growing conditions.
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S = Small: 15-25 feet
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M = Medium: 25-40 feet
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L = Large: 40 feet and taller
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Crown Class in Urban Conditions
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The width of the crown (at its widest point) commonly achieved in urban situations with less than optimal growing conditions.
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S = Small (400 square feet with a 20 foot crown diameter)
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M = Medium (625 square feet with a 25 foot crown diameter)
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L = Large (1,200 square feet with a 35 foot crown diameter)
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Mature Crown Form
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General shape of the tree crown (leaves and branches) when fully leafed out.
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Irregular
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Multi-Stemmed
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Oval (Columnar)
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Pyramidal
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Rounded
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Spreading
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Upright (Vase)
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Typical Range of Mature Tree Height
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Typical range of height of tree in feet from ground to bud at tip of leader or tallest branch under various conditions.
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Typical Range of Mature Crown Width
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Typical range of spread of branches in feet at the widest diameter across the crown under various conditions.
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Leaf Type
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Persistence and type of leaf on the tree. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall.
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DB = Deciduous Broadleaf
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DC = Deciduous Conifer
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EB = Evergreen Broadleaf
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EC = Evergreen Conifer
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Leaf Texture
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Relative size and appearance of leaves.
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F = Fine
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M = Medium
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C = Coarse
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TREE CHARACTERISTIC
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DESCRIPTION and ENTRY CHOICES
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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
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Flower Color
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For trees with showy flowers, indicates the typical flower color.
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B = blue
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L = purple
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M = multiple colors: white, pink, purple, red, or others
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P = pink
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R = red
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W = white
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Y = yellow
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I = insignificant flowers: small with an unremarkable color
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Flowering Time
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For trees with showy flowers, the general season of blooming for the species.
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Wildlife Value
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Indicates with an "X" if the tree produces flowers (nectar) or fruits that are consumed by insects, birds, or mammals.
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Excessive Litter
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Indicates with an "X" if the tree produces large or hazardous leaves, fruit, or other litter.
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TOLERANCES
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Native Tree Pine Lake
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Indicates whether or not the tree is found naturally growing in the Pine Lake area.
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Y = Yes
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N = No
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Growth Rate
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Typical rate of growth under urban conditions.
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S = Slow: 1/2 to 1-1/2 feet/year
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M = Moderate: 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 feet/year
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F = Fast: 2-1/2 to 3+ feet/year
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Average Life Span
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The average life span (useful service life) of the species when growing under average urban conditions. A tree is at the end of its useful service life when its risk of failure becomes unacceptable and cannot be improved or when the tree is no longer an asset due to its appearance or condition.
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S = Short: less than 25 years useful service life.
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M = Moderate: 25 to 40 years useful service life.
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L = Large: 50 years or greater useful service life.
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Net Effect on Air Quality
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The net monetary effects in cents attributable to the species on air quality; listed as a benefit (positive) or cost (negative). Includes the species net effect on ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM10), and carbon monoxide.
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Soil Moisture
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The typical soil moisture conditions for the species in its native habitat.
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H = Hydric: wet and may be occasionally flooded for short periods
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M = Mesic: moist but moderately well- to well-drained
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X = Xeric: dry and very well-drained
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TREE CHARACTERISTIC
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DESCRIPTION and ENTRY CHOICES
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TOLERANCES (continued)
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Drought Tolerance
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Tolerance of the species to infrequent rain, low soil moisture, full sun, and high temperatures.
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Low = not tolerant to drought conditions
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Moderate = tolerant to mild drought conditions; moderately tolerant to severe drought conditions
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High = very tolerant to mild to severe and prolonged drought conditions
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Preferred Soil pH
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Relative soil acidity or alkalinity preferred by the species. In many cases, a range of pH preference is given if it was available. In other cases, a general level is given. A pH of 7.0 is neutral, a pH of less than 7.0 is acidic, and a pH of greater than 7.0 is alkaline.
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ac = acidic (5.0 to 6.0)
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sl ac = slightly acidic (6.0 to 7.0)
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nu = neutral (7.0)
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sl al = sl alkaline (7.0 to 8.0)
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al = alkaline (8.0 to 8.5)
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n/a = no information available
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Light Requirement
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The amount of sunlight the species prefers or will tolerate. Trees that are typically found in the understory or are characteristic of late forest successional stages prefer shade or at least partial shade, while trees that typically form the overstory or are characteristic of early successional stages prefer full sun.
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FS = Full Sun
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PS = Partial Shade
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SH = Shade
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Construction Tolerance/Limitations
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The broad tolerance of the species in its home range to construction damage, and the limitations that constrain a species tolerance to damage.
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Tolerance
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P = Poor
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M = Moderate
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G = Good
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Limitations
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I = physical injury, wood compartmentalization and decay
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P = pest complications, including chronic and acute attacks
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S = soil conditions, including aeration and water availability
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C = limited climatic tolerances, including native range, hardiness, and micro-climate change
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A = all of the limitations described above
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Urban Tolerant Tree
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Based upon other characteristics and tolerances to urban conditions; an "X" indicates the species is suitable for planting under “tough” urban conditions.
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First Reading: 31st Day of July 2007. Second Reading: passed and approved August 13, 2007 by the Mayor and Council of Pine Lake.
_____________________________
Greg Zarus, Mayor
_____________________________
Kathie deNobriga, Mayor Pro Tem
Attest: I hereby certify that the
foregoing is a true and accurate
copy of Ordinance 09-07 . ______________________________
Elisabeth Shields, Councilmember
______________________________
___________________________ Deborah Dunbar, Councilmember
Edie Warwick
City Clerk
______________________________
Brent Walker, Councilmember
______________________________
Melanie Hammet, Councilmember
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